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交通安全対策トップ普及啓発国際シンポジウム > 報告書

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キックオフ・ミーティング

Discussion A
第一分科会


Vision and Targets for Traffic Safety
交通安全のビジョンとターゲット


Profile of Moderator and Panelists

Moderator:Dr. Katsutoshi Ohta
Panelist:Dr. Claes Tingvall
Panelist:Dr. Yoichiro Murakami
Panelist:Dr. Hisatake Kato

Abstract of Lecture and Powerpoint Slides

Lecturer: Dr. Claes Tingvall


Katsutoshi Ohta

Address (Office):School of Regional Development Studies, Toyo University 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakuramachi, Oora-gun,Gunma 374-0193, Japan
DATE OF BIRTH:January 19, 1942
NATIONALITY:Japanese
SPECIALISATIONS:Urban Transport Planning, Transport Demand Estimation Urban Planning, Urban Transport Planning and Policy for Developing Countries
LANGUAGES:Japanese, English
EDUCATION: College: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Tokyo, 1960-65, B.E. 1965
Graduate School: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Tokyo, 1965-67, M.E. 1967
Graduate School: Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University (USA) 1967-71 Ph.D. 1972 (City and Regional Planning)

7. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCES

1969-1970Teaching Fellow, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, USA
1971-1978Instructor, Department of Urban Engineering, University of Tokyo
1976-1977Research Fellow, Transport Studies Unit (St. Antony's College), Oxford University, UK
1978-1991Associate Professor, Department of Urban Engineering, University of Tokyo
1991-2003.3Professor, Department of' Urban Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo
2003Professor Emeritus, University of Tokyo
2003.4-Professor, School of Regional Development Studies, Toyo University


太田 勝敏

東洋大学国際地域学部(国際地域学科)教授


1942年 生まれ
1965年 東京大学工学部土木工学科卒業
1967年 東京大学工学系大学院修士課程修了
1971年 東京大学工学部助手
1978年 東京大学工学部助教授
1991年 東京大学工学部教授
1995年 東京大学大学院工学系研究科教授

専門は都市交通計画、交通需要予測、交通施設計画等
著書は「交通システム計画」(技術書院)等



Claes Tingvall

Born 1953 in Karlstad, Sweden

Education: Employment: Expert in committees, etc.
  1. Member of American Association of Automotive Medicine expert committee for disability scaling 1986-
  2. Expert in ISO working group on accident data collection 1989-94
  3. Expert in ISO working group on child safety in cars 1989-94
  4. Chairman of "European Transport Safety Council" working group on car safety 1994-95
  5. Member of the Swedish National Traffic Safety Council 1993-95
  6. Member of KFB steering committee for traffic safety 1994-
  7. Member of the Board of Directors of AAAM 1994-97
  8. Expert in the National Public Health Committee 1997-98.
  9. Expert in the Road Safety Inspectorate investigation 1999-2000
  10. Chairman of the Australian Crash In-depth Injury Study (ANCIS) 1999-2000.
  11. Member of Editorial Advisory Board, Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1999-

クラウス・ティングヴァル

1953年スウェーデン、カールスタード生まれ

学歴 職歴 委員会活動ほか
  1. 1986年〜 アメリカ自動車医学学会障害評価専門家委員会委員
  2. 1989〜1994年 ISO事故データ収集作業部会専門委員
  3. 1989〜1994年 ISO車両内小児安全性作業部会専門委員
  4. 1994〜1995年 ヨーロッパ交通安全評議会車両安全性作業部会部長
  5. 1993〜1995年 スウェーデン交通安全評議会委員
  6. 1994年〜 輸送通信調査委員会(KFB)交通安全運営委員会委員
  7. 1994〜1997年 AAAM理事
  8. 1997〜1998年 国立公衆衛生委員会専門委員
  9. 1999〜2000年 道路安全監査官
  10. 1999〜2000年 オーストラリア交通事故負傷詳細研究会(ANCIS)会長
  11. 1999年〜「Accident Analysis and Prevention」誌、編集顧問


Yoichiro Murakami

Graduate School Professor, and Other Distinguished Professor of Science, at International Christian University, Professor Emeritus at University of Tokyo

1936: Born in Tokyo
1962: Graduated from Department of History and Philosophy of Science, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo
1968: Finished the Doctoral Course of Comparative Literature and Culture, University of Tokyo
1965: Research Associate, at the Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University
1971: Assistant Professor, above
1973: Associate Professor, at Department of History and Philosophy of Science, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo
1986: Professor, above
1989: Professor, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo
1993: Director, above
1995: Professor, International Christian University
1997: Professor Emeritus, Tokyo University.
2002: Graduate School Professor, International Christian University
Specialty: History of Science, Philosophy of Science, and Sociology of Science and Technology
Publications: Kindai Kagaku o Koete < Beyond Modern Science > (Koudansha Gakujutsu Bunko), etc.

村上 陽一郎

国際基督教大学大学院オスマー記念科学教授

1936年 生まれ
1962年 東京大学教養学部教養学科(科学史・科学哲学分科)卒業
1968年 東京大学大学院人文科学研究科比較文学・比較文化専攻博士課程修了
1965年 上智大学理工学部助手
1971年 上智大学理工学部助教授
1973年 東京大学教養学部助教授
1986年 東京大学教養学部教授
1989年 東京大学先端科学技術研究センター教授
1993年 東京大学先端科学技術研究センター長
1995年 国際基督教大学教授
1997年 東京大学名誉教授
2002年 国際基督教大学大学院教授
専門は科学史、科学哲学、科学技術社会学
著書は「近代科学を超えて」(講談社学術文庫)等


Hisatake Kato

President of Tottori University of Environmental Studies

1937: Year of birth
1963: Graduated from Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Letters at University of Tokyo
1966: Finished his master's degree in philosophy at Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology at Tokyo University
1969: Lecturer of Faculty of General Education at Yamagata University
1970: Assistant Professor for the same faculty at Yamagata University
1972: Assistant Professor for Faculty of Arts and Letters at Tohoku University
1982: Professor of Faculty of Letters at Chiba University
1994: Professor of Faculty of Letters at Kyoto University
1996: Professor for Graduate School of Letters at Kyoto University
2001: Professor Emeritus at Kyoto University

Specialty: Ethics, Philosophy, and History of Thought.
Publications: Senso Rinri-gaku < Ethics of War > (Chikuma Shinsho), etc.


加藤 尚武

鳥取環境大学学長

1937年 生まれ
1963年 東京大学文学部哲学科卒業
1966年 東京大学大学院人文科学研究科哲学専攻・修士課程修了
1969年 山形大学教養部講師
1970年 山形大学教養部助教授
1972年 東北大学文学部助教授
1982年 千葉大学文学部教授
1994年 京都大学文学部教授
1996年 京都大学大学院文学研究科教授
2001年 京都大学名誉教授

専門は倫理学、哲学、思想史
著書は「戦争倫理学」(ちくま新書)等



Vision for a safe road transport system

Claes Tingvall
Dr Med Sc, Professor
Director of Traffic Safety, Swedish National Road Administration

ABSTRACT

The road transport system is one of the most hazardous environments for the citizen. The system is in general terms an ill designed man-machine interface that does not absorb normal human behavior in a systematic way. The road transport system is characterized by a large number of subsystems, stakeholders and users that are driven by individual motives not linked together.

A vision has the advantage to be shared by many stakeholders irrespective of motives. While a systematic prioritizing of cost effective solutions normally are done on the societal or organizational level, a vision can open up for an open discussion of how a number of stakeholders can contribute based on their individual motives. A vision also has the advantage to open up for a dialogue on how things can be done in a longer perspective rather than focusing on short or medium term improvements.

A vision for a safe road transport system should be built on human values, responsibility sharing, a scientific approach to system safety and how driving mechanisms for change are generated. The issue of human values deals with ethics and the approach to trade-off between human health and the benefits of the road transport system. This seems to be the most complicated part of a vision, where the road transport system globally value mobility versus health loss.

The driving mechanisms for change has been underestimated in the road safety area. In essence, it should be natural that the main driving force is the citizen's demand and right to stay alive within the road transport system.


Vision for a safe road transport system

Claes Tingvall,
Professor, Director of Traffic of Safety, SNRA and Monash University Accident Research Centre

Co-authors:
Matts-Ake Belin, Roger Johansson, Anders Lie, SNRA


Why a vision?

  • All stakeholders can share a vision irrespective of motives in society
  • A vision sets out a future desired situation - not a step by step action with no definition of it’s end point
iamge

A problem description:

The citizens misuse a well functioning road transport system with large economic losses to the society,

or

The road transport system is a poor man-machine system where the individual citizen is the victim


Human values form a professional perspective

“The responsibility for the safety of the individual will fall on the professional society - with consequences for the value of life and health.”


Vision Zero

  • ethical platform
  • shared responsibility
  • scientific approach
  • driving forces for change
iamge

Vision Zero is in essence:

The responsibility for creating a safe road transport system falls on the professional society - not on the users

iamge

The critical issue of Vision Zero is:

how shall the professional society respond to the responsibility put on it?

iamge

“Rule of Ethics”

“Life and health cannot be exchanged for benefits of the road transport system”

iamge

“Rule of responsibility”

“We are obliged to do whatever we can to protect human life and health”

iamge

Responsibility Chain

  1. The providers of the road transport system are ultimately responsible for the safety
  2. The road users are responsible for following rules
  3. If the road user fails to follow rules, the responsibility for modifying the system accordingly falls on the provider
iamge

“Rule of Science”

“We shall only use the best possible methods and base our action on the failing human”

iamge

“Rule of Science” - cont.

“The biomechanical tolerance of the human is the limiting factor for the road transport system”

iamge

“Rule of Driving Forces”

“The citizen’s legitimate demand for life and health is the main driving force for change”

iamge

In order to get the citizens into the loop, all qualities of products and services should be openly declared

examples NCAP for vehicles
EURO-RAP for infrastructure /speed limit
? for transport services
? for heavy goods transport etc.

iamge

Is Vision Zero expensive?

  • yes, to modify or compensate earlier mistakes is expensive
  • no, to do things right from the beginning is not expensive
iamge

Typical costs
- if made right from the beginning


Current costs
in EURO
Costs for highest safety Increase Effectiveness
Road15001,515 (barriers)1%90%
Vehicle20,00020,002 (SBR)0.01%20%
Vehicle20,00020,020 (alcohol)0.1%20%
Vehicle20,00020,200 (speed)1%20%


Is a high level of safety a threat to a developing society and a rich life?

or

Is lack of safety in fact restricting humans to experience a challenging life?


Summary

  • A vision is helpful in guiding a modern society and an open system
  • A vision for safety in the road transport system will challenge the professional view on ethics and responsibility
  • A vision will turn the citizen into a subject that will put pressure on the professional society
  • A vision can reduce costs and divide the responsibilities of the professional society and the citizen in a structured way
iamge



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